Quantum sensing and net zero

Quantum sensing is one area of quantum technology that can support the push to net zero by enhancing environmental monitoring and resource management. Quantum sensors are generally highly sensitive devices that can detect minute changes in physical properties such as temperature, pressure, and magnetic fields. This makes them ideal for applications that require precise measurements in challenging environments.

In the context of climate change, quantum sensors could be used to monitor greenhouse gas emissions more accurately than existing technologies. For example, quantum gas lidar and other sensors could be used to track carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) levels in real time, providing detailed data on emission sources. This would allow for better regulation of industries and more targeted efforts to reduce emissions.

Quantum sensing also has applications in agriculture, where it can help optimise resource use. For instance, soil sensors utilising quantum technology, such as graphene quantum dots, are in development which could improve monitoring of soil health, water levels, and nutrient content with greater precision, enabling farmers to use resources more efficiently. This could reduce the environmental impact of agriculture by minimising waste, cutting down on water use, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions associated with farming practices.

Quantum computing

Quantum computing is another area of quantum technology that could revolutionise the energy sector by offering solutions to some of the most complex and computationally demanding challenges. Unlike classical computers that use bits (0s or 1s) to process information, quantum computers use qubits, which can exist in a superposition of multiple states and become entangled with one another. This allows quantum computers to perform certain specific calculations far faster than conventional computers.

One particularly promising use of quantum computers is the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) models, which often consume vast amount of energy and resources when implemented on conventional computing hardware. It is expected that implementing some AI models on quantum computing hardware could significantly reduce these resource requirements, which may result in significant energy savings, given the current proliferation of AI in modern technology.

Another key area where quantum computing could have an impact is in materials science. Quantum computers can potentially be used to simulate complex molecular structures with far greater accuracy than classical systems. This could lead to breakthroughs in developing new materials for batteries, solar panels, and other energy storage technologies. Improved materials could boost the efficiency of renewable energy systems, making clean energy more viable on a larger scale and further reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

Patenting quantum technology

As quantum technology advances, securing intellectual property through patent protection is becoming increasingly important for researchers, start-ups, and established companies alike. Quantum innovations have immense commercial and strategic value, and patenting them can protect these breakthroughs from being exploited by competitors.

However, obtaining patent protection for quantum technologies presents unique challenges. Quantum systems often involve complex and abstract scientific principles, which can be difficult for patent examiners to evaluate. To successfully patent quantum inventions applicants need to clearly demonstrate how their technology solves specific problems or improves upon existing solutions.

Moreover, given the global race to lead in quantum technology, international patent protection is crucial. Filing for patents through systems like the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) can ensure that innovations are protected in multiple countries. This is particularly important in fast-moving fields like quantum technology, where securing intellectual property early can provide a competitive edge and attract investment.

The future of quantum in the net-zero transition

While quantum technology is still in its early stages its potential to drive the net-zero transition is undeniable. As governments and companies invest in quantum research and development, these technologies will likely play an increasingly important role in our efforts to combat climate change and build a more sustainable future.